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James Annan
James D. Annan is a scientist involved in climate prediction. He was a member of the Global Warming Research Program at Frontier Research Centre for Global Change which is associated with the Earth Simulator in Japan. In 2014 he left Japan, returning to the United Kingdom as a co-founder of Blue Skies Research.〔 〕
==Climatology==
He is most known for considering bets against climate change denialists. Many denialists, including Richard Lindzen, have indicated they believe the scientific consensus on climate change to be incorrect. The November 10, 2004 online version of ''Reason'' magazine reported that Lindzen is "willing to take bets that global average temperatures in 20 years will in fact be lower than they are now." Annan contacted Lindzen to arrange a bet and they exchanged proposals for bets, but were unable to agree on terms. The final proposal was a bet that if the temperature change were less than 0.2 °C (0.36 °F), Lindzen would win. If the temperature change were between 0.2 °C and 0.4 °C the bet would be off, and if the temperature change were 0.4 °C or greater, Annan would win. Lindzen would take 2 to 1 odds.
In 2005, another bet for $10,000 dollars was arranged with a pair of Russian solar physicists Galina Mashnich and Vladimir Bashkirtsev. The bet will conclude in 2017.
A third bet in 2007 between Annan and David Whitehouse of the Global Warming Policy Foundation was arranged by the BBC Radio program, More or Less in 2007. Annan and Whitehouse bet £100 on whether the Met Office temperature would set a new annual record by the end of 2011. Annan was declared to have lost in the program on 2012-01-13.〔 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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